For the last 90 years, Mickey Mouse has been loved by so many people across all age groups and throughout the world. After announcing their strategic alliance in March of this year, Citizen unveiled eight Mickey Mouse timepieces to mark Mickey’s 90th birthday. The entire collection ranges from $295-$475 and will become available for purchase on Citizen’s website at the end of March 2019. Get a sneak peek here. Known for her unique and statement-making footwear, the New York-based brand is a favorite of modern-day royalty Lady Gaga, Ariana Grande, and Carrie Underwood. In honor of Mickey Mouse’s 90th birthday Karen Walker and The Walt Disney Company have collaborated to create an exclusive, Mickey-inspired collection of t-shirts, sweatshirts, eyewear, jewelry, accessories and homeware. Disney x Ruthie Davis is a collection of power shoes for today’s Disney Princess, inspired by Disney’s 11 princesses. FEMAIL reveals the latest Disney collaborations to be released, starting with Citizen, because there’s no time (pun intended) like the present to feel like a kid again! To celebrate his anniversary, prominent fashion brands like Citizen, Karen Walker and Ruthie Davis have created special limited-edition collections to commemorate the cherished character. The Disney x Karen Walker collection features pieces that embrace the fun-loving and adventurous spirit of both Karen Walker and Mickey. Mickey is a true icon and it’s a great honor for me to have an opportunity to interpret his personality, which I’ve always loved, through my own lens,’ said Karen. The watches are available in two distinct sizes, 29.5mm and 40mm, all featuring the iconic character’s figure, and inspired by the company’s best-selling silhouettes. Pictured is the Snow White collection which launched simultaneously with the 80th anniversary of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. The eight styles ($498 to $798) include sneakers, booties and stiletto sandals in leather and velvet with iconic details from the film captured in the embellishments. The Disney x Karen Walker collection is limited-edition, and is available globally in all Karen Walker stores and online. 90 years young: Happy birthday Mickey! Citizen also sponsors the printed ‘Time Guides’ which provide parkgoers with relevant information including parade start times, bus services and more. In addition to creating Disney-inspired timepieces, newly branded in-park clocks that showcase the Citizen logo can be found throughout both Magic Kingdom Theme Park and Disneyland California Adventure Park. Since his big-screen debut in Steamboat Willie on November 18, 1928, Mickey has been the global ambassador for The Walt Disney Company and he embodies a positivity that reflects Citizen’s ‘Better Starts Now’ initiative,’ said President of Citizen Watch America, Jeffrey Cohen. Get it while you can: The Disney x Karen Walker collection is a very limited-edition release. Inside Magic Kingdom Theme Park and at the Disneyland Resort, Citizen clocks can be found on Main Street U.S.A., in various other locations and at multiple Fastpass entrances.

Sterling silver is an alloy of silver containing 92.5% by weight of silver and 7.5% by weight of other metals, usually copper. Because the League’s money was not frequently debased like that of England, English traders stipulated to be paid in pounds of the Easterlings, which was contracted to sterling. The British numismatist Philip Grierson disagrees with the “star” etymology, as the stars appeared on Norman pennies only for the single three-year issue from 1077 to 1080 (the Normans changed coin designs every three years). Byzantine solidus, originally known as the solidus aureus meaning ‘solid gold‘ or ‘reliable gold‘. Another argument is that the Hanseatic League was the source for both the origin of its definition and manufacture, and in its name is that the German name for the Baltic is Ostsee, or ‘East Sea’, and from this the Baltic merchants were called “Osterlings”, or “Easterlings”. 1300) with the explanation that the coin was originally made by moneyers from that region. The claim has been made in Henry Spelman’s glossary (Glossarium Archaiologicum) as referenced in Commentaries on the Laws of England by William Blackstone. Recent examples of these alloys include argentium, sterlium and silvadium. 1142) uses the Latin forms libræ sterilensium and libræ sterilensis monetæ. By 1854, the tie between Easterling and Sterling was well-established, as Ronald Zupko quotes in his dictionary of weights. In support of this he cites the fact that one of the first acts of the Normans was to restore the coinage to the consistent weight and purity it had in the days of Offa, King of Mercia. The word in origin refers to the newly introduced Norman silver penny. Their Kontor, the Steelyard of London, was called Easterlings Hall, or Esterlingeshalle. Fine silver, which is 99.9% pure silver, is relatively soft, so silver is usually alloyed with copper to increase its hardness and strength. Such elements include germanium, zinc, platinum, silicon, and boron. The Hanseatic League was officially active in the London trade from 1266 to 1597. This etymology may have been first suggested by Walter de Pinchebek (c. In 1260, Henry III granted them a charter of protection. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the most plausible etymology is a derivation from a late Old English steorling (with, or like, a ‘little star’), as some early Norman pennies were imprinted with a small star. One of the earliest attestations of the term is in Old French form esterlin, in a charter of the abbey of Les Préaux, dating to either 1085 or 1104. The English chronicler Orderic Vitalis (1075 – c.

Sterling Silver Thumb Rings

This would have been perceived as a contrast to the progressive debasement of the intervening 200 years, and would therefore be a likely source for a nickname. Although silversmiths of this era were typically familiar with all precious metals, they primarily worked in sterling silver. Stamping each of their pieces with their personal maker’s mark, colonial silversmiths relied upon their own status to guarantee the quality and composition of their products. Casting was frequently the first step in manufacturing silver pieces, as silver workers would melt down sterling silver into easily manageable ingots. Colonial silversmiths used many of the techniques developed by those in Europe. 3⁄4 pennyweights of alloy, with 20 pennyweights to the troy ounce. In Colonial America, sterling silver was used for currency and general goods as well. A piece of sterling silver dating from Henry II’s reign was used as a standard in the Trial of the Pyx until it was deposited at the Royal Mint in 1843. It bears the royal stamp ENRI. The colonies lacked an assay office during this time (the first would be established in 1814), so American silversmiths adhered to the standard set by the London Goldsmiths Company: sterling silver consisted of 91.5-92.5% by weight silver and 8.5-7.5 wt% copper. REX (“King Henry”) but this was added later, in the reign of Henry III. 12th century in the area that is now northern Germany. Between 1634 and 1776, some 500 silversmiths created items in the “New World” ranging from simple buckles to ornate Rococo coffee pots.

He retired a wealthy artisan, his success partly due to this strategic investment.

Occasionally, they would create small components (e.g. teapot legs) by casting silver into iron or graphite molds, but it was rare for an entire piece to be fabricated via casting. Following the Revolutionary War, Revere acquired and made use of a silver rolling mill from England. The American revolutionary Paul Revere was regarded as one of the best silversmiths from this “Golden Age of American Silver“. To reduce the amount of counterfeiting of silver items. The height of the silver craze was during the 50-year period from 1870 to 1920. Flatware lines during this period sometimes included up to 100 different types of pieces. He retired a wealthy artisan, his success partly due to this strategic investment. To restore the workability, the silversmith would anneal the piece-that is, heat it to a dull red and then quench it in water-to relieve the stresses in the material and return it to a more ductile state. Cutlery sets were often accompanied by tea sets, hot water pots, chocolate pots, trays and salvers, goblets, demitasse cups and saucers, liqueur cups, bouillon cups, egg cups, plates, napkin rings, water and wine pitchers and coasters, candelabra and even elaborate centerpieces. There was a marked increase in the number of silver companies that emerged during that period. The hammering occurred at room temperature, and, like any cold forming process, caused work hardening of the silver, which become increasingly brittle and difficult to shape. Finally, they would file and polish their work to remove all seams, finishing off with engraving and stamping the smith’s mark. More commonly, a silversmith would forge an ingot into the desired shape, often hammering the thinned silver against specially shaped dies to “mass produce” simple shapes like the oval end of a spoon. Although he is celebrated for his beautiful hollowware, Revere made his fortune primarily on low-end goods produced by the mill, such as flatware. From about 1840 to 1940 in the United States and Europe, sterling silver cutlery (advice here) (US: ‘flatware’) became de rigueur when setting a proper table. To note the date and/or location of the manufacture or tradesman. To indicate the purity of the silver alloy used in the manufacture or hand-crafting of the piece. Hammering required more time than all other silver manufacturing processes, and therefore accounted for the majority of labor costs. This was especially true during the Victorian period, when etiquette dictated no food should be touched with one’s fingers. To identify the silversmith or company that made the piece. With the onset of the first Industrial Revolution, silversmithing declined as an artistic occupation. Silversmiths would then seam parts together to create complex and artistic items, sealing the gaps with a solder of 80 wt% silver and 20 wt% bronze.

The interest in sterling silver extended to business (paper clips, mechanical pencils, letter openers, calling card boxes, cigarette cases), to the boudoir (dresser trays, mirrors, hair and suit brushes, pill bottles, manicure sets, shoehorns, perfume bottles, powder bottles, hair clips) and even to children (cups, cutlery, rattles). The black silver sulfide (Ag2S) is among the most insoluble salts in aqueous solution, a property that is exploited for separating silver ions from other positive ions. Several products have been developed for the purpose of polishing silver that serve to remove sulfur from the metal without damaging or warping it. Because harsh polishing and buffing can permanently damage and devalue a piece of antique silver, valuable items are typically hand-polished to preserve the unique patinas of older pieces. Techniques such as wheel polishing, which are typically performed by professional jewelers or silver repair companies, are reserved for extreme tarnish or corrosion. Some brasswind instrument manufacturers use 92.5% sterling silver as the material for making their instruments, including the flute and saxophone. Use as jewelry rings, bracelets, earrings and necklaces. Sodium chloride (NaCl) or common table salt is known to corrode silver-copper alloy, typically seen in silver salt shakers where corrosion appears around the holes in the top. For example, some leading saxophone manufacturers such as Selmer and Yanagisawa have crafted some of their saxophones from sterling silver. Chemically, silver is not very reactive-it does not react with oxygen or water at ordinary temperatures, so does not easily form a silver oxide. Web article by Jeffrey Herman, silversmith, specialist in silver restoration and conservation. However, it is attacked by common components of atmospheric pollution: silver sulfide slowly appears as a black tarnish during exposure to airborne compounds of sulfur (byproducts of the burning of fossil fuels and some industrial processes), and low level ozone reacts to form silver oxide. The alloy‘s natural malleability is an obvious physical advantage, but it is also naturally aseptic. Use as surgical and medical instruments as early as Ur, Hellenistic-era Egypt and Rome, and their use continued until largely replaced in Western countries in the mid to late 20th century by cheaper, disposable plastic items and sharper, more durable steel ones. As the purity of the silver decreases, the problem of corrosion or tarnishing increases because other metals in the alloy, usually copper, may react with oxygen in the air.